An emerging approach to stimulate the vagus nerve non-invasively consists of the so-called transcutaneous auricular VNS (tVNS). It is typically administered to the cymba conchae of the left ear.
In healthy participants, tVNS has been shown to modulate autonomic and arousal-related processes. Building on this, our current research aims to identify physiological biomarkers that could help predict the effectiveness of vagus nerve stimulation in epilepsy treatment.